Mills, Renewable Energy and Climate Change: Lessons from History

Discover the green roots of energy innovation: How historic mills illuminate the path to a sustainable future

For centuries, windmills and watermills powered communities across the UK and beyond—long before fossil fuels dominated our energy systems. Today, as we face the urgent challenge of climate change, these traditional technologies offer valuable lessons in sustainable, local, and renewable energy. At the Mills Archive Trust, we preserve and share the rich history of mills as early renewable energy systems. Explore how the past can inspire a greener tomorrow.

Many of these resources have been funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund, with thanks to Lottery Players.

Explore the archive

Discover documents, photographs, engineering plans and personal stories that trace the evolution of wind and water power:

Learn from history

Understand the environmental and technological impact of mills from past to present:

Resources for educators and researchers

Access curated materials that bring the story of mills and climate into classrooms and research:

Join the conversation

Stay updated on how our historical energy records inform today’s green transition: